AN INSUFFERABLE BUSINESS: ETHICS, NONHUMAN ANIMALS AND BIOMEDICAL EXPERIMENTS

Each year millions of nonhuman animals suffer in biomedical experiments for human health benefits.Clinical ethics demand that nonhuman animals are used in the new belial model development of pharmaceuticals and vaccines.Nonhuman animals are also used for fundamental biomedical research.Biomedical research that uses nonhuman animals is big business

In cattle, pregnancy rates of in vitro-produced embryos are lower than those of in vivo-produced embryos.One of the reasons may be the increase in chromosomal aberrations due to in vitro maturation and fertilization of the oocyte.Currently, embryo transfer is commonly applied in nucleus cattle breeding programs, and the embryos are genotyped for ge